The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.